本帖最后由 徐茂公 于 2011-2-3 21:38 编辑
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今年周杰伦一曲古风犹存的“兰亭序”亮相“春晚”舞台,令人耳目一新,请听:“兰亭序帖,行书如行云流水,月下门推,心细如你脚步碎忙不迭,千年碑易拓,却难拓你的美…..,”多美的行云流水,多潇洒的“清风出岫,明月入怀”的境界。然而,现在的年轻人特别是远离故土的年青一代,懂得《兰亭序》的人应该不多,在此老夫就将古今推崇行书第一号佳作的“兰亭序”作个简介,以飨(Xiang)读者。 话说东晋穆帝永和九年(公元353年)三月三日,王羲之与谢安、孙绰等四十一人,在山阴(今浙江绍兴)兰亭“修禊(xì)”,会上各人做诗,王羲之为他们的诗写的序文手稿。序中记叙兰亭周围山水之美和聚会的欢乐之情,抒发作者好景不长,生死无常的感慨。法帖相传之本,共二十八行,三百二十四字,章法、结构、笔法都很完美,是他五十岁时的得意之作。后人评道“右军字体,古法一变。其雄秀之气,出于天然,故古今以为师法”。 因此,历代书家都推《兰亭序》为“天下第一行书”。存世唐摹墨迹以“神龙本”为最著,唐太宗时冯承素号金印,故称为《兰亭神龙本》,此本摹写精细,笔法、墨气、行款、神韵,都得以体现,公认为是最好的摹本;石刻首推“定武本”。 王羲之(303—361年),汉族,字逸少,号澹(dàn)斋,身长七尺有余约为(1.61米至1.65米之间),原籍琅琊临沂(今属山东),后迁居山阴(今浙江绍兴),官至右军将军,会稽内史,是东晋伟大的书法家,被后人尊为“书圣”。他的儿子王献之书法也很好,人们称他们两人为"二王",另一个儿子王凝之官至左将军。因曾任右军将军,世称“王右军”、“王会稽”。代表作品有:楷书《乐毅论》、《黄庭经》、草书《十七帖》、行书《姨母帖》、《快雪时晴帖》、《丧乱帖》、行楷《兰亭集序》等。精研体势,心摹手追,广采众长,冶于一炉,创造出“天质自然,丰神盖代”的行书,被后人誉为“书圣”。其中,王羲之书写的《兰亭集序》为书家所敬仰,被称作“天下第一行书”。王羲之对真书、草、行主体书法造诣都很深。今人刘铎对王羲之的书法曾称赞道:“好字唯之(之,即王羲之)”。《兰亭序》表现了王羲之书法艺术的最高境界。作者的气度、凤神、襟怀、情愫,在这件作品中得到了充分表现。古人称王羲之的行草如“清风出袖,明月入怀”,堪称绝妙的比喻。世人也常用曹植的《洛神赋》中:“翩若惊鸿,婉若游龙,荣曜秋菊,华茂春松。仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月,飘飖兮若流风之回雪。”一句来赞美王羲之的书法之美。传说王羲之小的时候苦练书法,日久,用于清洗毛笔的池塘水都变成墨色。 兰亭集序(古文) 永和九年,岁在癸(guǐ)丑,暮春之初,会于会(kuài)稽(jī)山阴之兰亭,修禊(xì)事也。群贤毕至,少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭,茂林修竹, 又有清流激湍(tuān),映带左右。引以为流觞(shāng)曲水,列坐其次,虽无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞一咏,亦足以畅叙幽情。是日也,天朗气清,惠风和畅。仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极视听之娱,信可乐也。 夫人之相与,俯仰一世。或取诸怀抱,晤言一室之内;或因寄所托,放浪形骸(hái)之外。虽趣(qū)舍万殊,静躁不同,当其欣于所遇,暂得于己,快然自足,曾(zēng)不知老之将至。及其所之既倦,情随事迁,感慨系(xì)之矣。向之所欣,俯仰之间,已为陈迹,犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化,终期于尽。古人云:“死生亦大矣。”岂不痛哉! 每览昔人兴感之由,若合一契,未尝不临文嗟(jié)悼,不能喻之于怀。固知一死生为虚诞,齐彭殇为妄作。后之视今,亦犹今之视昔,悲夫!故列叙时人,录其所述。虽世殊事异,所以兴怀,其致一也。后之览者,亦将有感于斯文。 兰亭序(白话翻译) 永和九年,即癸丑年,三月之初,(名士们)在会稽郡山阴县的兰亭聚会,到水边进行消灾求福的活动。许多有声望有才气的人都来了,有年轻的,也有年长的。这里有高大的山和险峻的岭,有茂密的树林和高高的竹子,又有清水急流,(在亭的)左右辉映环绕。把水引到(亭中)的环形水渠里来,让酒杯飘流水上(供人们取饮)。人们在曲水旁边排列而坐,虽然没有管弦齐奏的盛况,(可是)一边饮酒一边赋诗,也足以痛快地表达各自埋藏在心中的情怀。 这一天,天气晴朗,和风轻轻吹来。向上看,天空广大无边,向下看,地上事物如此繁多,这样来纵展眼力,开阔胸怀,穷尽视和听的享受,实在快乐啊! 人们彼此相处,俯仰之间一辈子。有的人喜欢讲自己的志趣抱负,在室内(跟朋友)面对面地交谈;有的人就着自己所爱好的事物寄托情怀,不受任何约束,放纵地生活。尽管人们的爱好千差万别,或好静,或好动,也不相同,(可是又都有这样的体验)当他们对所接触的事物感到高兴时,自己所要的东西暂时得到了,快乐而自足,竟不觉得衰老即将到来;待到对于自己所喜爱的事物感到厌倦,心情随着当前的境况而变化,感慨油然而生,以前感到欢快的事顷刻之间变为陈迹了,仍然不能不因此感慨不已,何况人寿的长短随着造化而定,最后一切都化为乌有。古人说:“死和生也是件大事啊!”怎能不悲痛呢? 每当我看到前人发生感慨的原由,如果碰到和我想法一样的,(我)总是面对着(他们的)文章而嗟叹感伤,心里又不明白为什么会这样。(我)本来就知道,把生和死同等看待是荒谬的,把长寿和短命同等看待是妄造的。后人看待今天,也像今人看待以前一样,真是可悲啊!因此我—一记下当时与会的人,录下他们作的诗。纵使时代变了,世事不同了,人们的思想情趣是一样的。后世的读者也将有感于这次集会的诗文。 The Orchid Pavilion(兰亭序英译) In the ninth year of the reign Yungho[A.D. 353] in the beginning of late spring we met at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin of Kweich'i for the Water Festival, to wash away the evil spirits. Here are gathered all the illustrious persons and assembled both the old and the young. Here are tall mountains and majestic peaks, trees with thick foliage and tall bamboos. Here are also clear streams and gurgling rapids, catching one's eye from the right and left. We group ourselves in order, sitting by the waterside, and drinking in succession from a cup floating down the curving stream; and although there is no music from string and wood-wind instruments, yet with alternate singing and drinking, we are well disposed to thoroughly enjoy a quiet intimate conversation. Today the sky is clear, the air is fresh and the kind breeze is mild. Truly enjoyable it is sit to watch the immense universe above and the myriad things below, traveling over the entire landscape with our eyes and allowing our sentiments to roam about at will, thus exhausting the pleasures of the eye and the ear. Now when people gather together to surmise life itself, some sit and talk and unburden their thoughts in the intimacy of a room, and some, overcome by a sentiment, soar forth into a world beyond bodily realities. Although we select our pleasures according to our inclinations—some noisy and rowdy, and others quiet and sedate—yet when we have found that which pleases us, we are all happy and contented, to the extent of forgetting that we are growing old. And then, when satiety follows satisfaction, and with the change of circumstances, change also our whims and desires, there then arises a feeling of poignant regret. In the twinkling of an eye, the objects of our former pleasures have become things of the past, still compelling in us moods of regretful memory. Furthermore, although our lives may be long or short, eventually we all end in nothingness. "Great indeed are life and death", said the ancients. Ah! What sadness! http://www.1ting.com/player/4e/player_261754.html |